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Go Fishing  >> Preferred baits | Terrain clues | Fishing by season | Knots | Rigs 

It's best to take a mixture of different baits with you on your trip including both fresh and artificial as the success of a bait is not only subject to the preference of the fish and species of fish biting on the day but it is also fair to say that the weather conditions and terrain will also dramatically affect your choice....but that's another story.

However, in terms of fish preference we hope we can help you here with this quick reference guide to the diet of each of Britain's favoured species.

BASS feeding over rough ground will eat Crabs, Prawns and small fish. In the estuaries they'll eat small flatfish, Peeler Crabs and Sandeels. The large fish will eat smaller Bass, Whiting and Eels.

Artificial bait - Bass are quite happy to take lures, try spinnerbaits such as an Abu Toby , the Dexter Wedge or jointed plugs such as the Storm Chug Bug or Rapala J13. You can also use softbodied shads such as the Storm Wildeye Casting Shad or a white or a black Redgill eel. Specific bass lures have been designed in recent times called bass bullets.

Fresh bait rig - choose a basic one hook paternoster rig with 20lb mono line as the main body of the rig and a 15lb mono hook length or invisible fluorocarbon hook length such as Berkeley Vanish Line. You'll need a weak link to your lead as in the rotten bottom formation and at the end of the hook length use a Mustad Viking 79515 between size 1/O and 5/O. A Kamasan B940 Aberdeen can be used for worm baits or a wide gape Circle hook for crab baits. and don't forget to use the correct rating of swivel for your intended catch.


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BLACK BREAM feed over rough ground. They enjoy Shellfish which they often prise from the rocks but will also take Sandeels, Lugworm, Ragworm, Squid, Cuttlefish and Mackerel cut into strips.

Artificial bait - Baited Mackerel Feathers which are kept moving especially with a short, sharp movement once in a while to attract their attention. Bream take a moving bait more readily than a static one.

Fresh bait rig - choose a two to three hook paternoster rig with 25lb mono line as the main body of the rig with a 10-15lb mono hook length. You'll need a weak link to your lead as in the rotten bottom formation and a small hook as the Bream have small mouths. Keep the hook size to a Mustad Aberdeen 3261BLN size 2 to 4 or upto a size 1/O from the boat. If fishing from the shore a bait clip rigged just next to each of the junctions on the rig will allow you to clip the alternate baited hooks to the centre of the rig streamlining your rig for extra casting distance and keeping your bait intact. You will see a clipped rig setup on our 'Rigs' page.


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BRILL feed on Ragworm or Lugworm as favourites with Sandeel, Squid, Crab and Mackerel also being good baits singularly or as a cocktail.

Artificial bait - use a baited attractor spoon rig with a watch lead. This will have the effect of stirring up the sand as it drifts and will work effectively in catching their attention. Use the added attraction of beads for colour and charm.

Fresh bait rig - from the shore I'd always u
se the baited spoon rig with 20lb mono as the main rig body and a 15lb mono hook length ending in a small Mustad Aberdeen 3261BLN hook keeping the size down to 1/O or 2/O. Use an attractor spoon and watch lead as in the normal spoon rig setup with plenty of beads for added attraction and baited with a strip of mackerel or sandeel. A bait clip will help you to cast that extra distance from the shore and the use of a boom should reduce tangles if you are fishing more than one hook. From the boat you could use the heavier Kamasan B940 hook in a bigger size than from the shore with just enough weight of lead to keep your bait on the seabed or in fact a grip lead should you be uptiding.


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COALFISH (also known as Saithe, Coley or Pollock spelled with an 'o') are mid water feeders and their diet is mainly of fish such as Sandeels, Gobies, small Mackerel and Herring, Squid or Ragworm
Artificial bait - choose large redgills, jellyworms, pirks, muppets, spinnerbaits or feathers with a fast retrieval over the wrecks. In fact anything you would use for Pollack can be used for Coalfish.

Fresh bait rig -
start with a 40lb mono main line for your rig with a single hook length of 25lb Amnesia Clear or maybe even braid to increase the feel for a bite in deep water. Then attach a Mustad Aberdeen 3261BLN size 3/O to 6/O together with a Mustad Viking 79510 Pennel hook in the pennel rig formation and bait this setup with a strip of mackerel or 5/6 ragworm. It may also be a good idea to use some coloured beads above the hook for added visual attraction. At the other end of the hook length tie the appropriate strength swivel. Now taking your main line thread a French boom or zip slider on to the line, then a few beads and then attach the end of the line to your hook length swivel. Finally attach your lead to the boom with a rotten bottom link. This is called the flying collar rig and is the standard Pollack fishing setup.

From the shore, although spinning is probably the most popular method here, you could try float fishing. Use just enough drillet bullet lead beneath the float so that just the coloured tip is showing above the water. Use a lighter line than for boat fishing such as 8lb to 12lb clear mono line with a mid sized
Mustad Aberdeen 3261BLN hook baited with a Sandeel or small ragworm.

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COD will eat just about any food which they are capable of eating. Small Cod eat Shrimps mainly but as they get larger will take Lugworm, Ragworm, Sandeels, Squid, Mussel, Peeler Crab, Razorfish, and other smaller fish. Mackerel works very well and they will even eat Codling. Cod like big bait and use scent to find food!
Artificial bait - choose large pirks, feathers, spoons, worms, Redgill eels , coloured cod feathers, and shads. A key point to remember when presenting your bait is that it should lay on or only a few feet above the sea floor.

Fresh bait rig - choose a rotten bottom rig to your lead as the seabed offers many snags and combine this with a pennel rig to allow you to fish a large bait. If you are uptiding from the boat you will need to use the boat casting rig with a 6oz to 8oz fixed wire grip lead. For the rig use 50lb to 60lb mono line with a 30lb to 50lb mono hook length. If you are targeting codling you can reduce this to a 20lb to 25lb hook length. Hook size depends on the size of bait you are fishing and the size of Cod you are after but a Mustad Aberdeen 3261BLN would serve you well or a wide gape Circle hook for bulky baits. From the boat try a Mustad Viking 79515 sizes 4/O to 6/O together with a Mustad Viking 79510 Pennel hook in the pennel rig formation with 40lb mono hook lengths.

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CONGER, smaller Conger will eat Crabs, Worms, small Rockling although as the Eels get larger they have a mainly fish diet of species such as Mackerel, Pouting, Whiting, Pollack and Codling. As the Eels become exceptionally large as is the case in the offshore wrecks, they will also eat Octopus on top of their mainly fish diet.
Artificial bait - best to only use artificial bait when you are seeking small Conger from the shore. In this case use artificial worms, lures and jointed plugs.

Fresh bait rig -
use a tough rig as you will be fishing for this monster over rough ground or wrecks and your tackle may even be dragged through rocky holes and hollows by the Conger once it has been hooked.

For shore fishing try the pulley rig using Mustad Viking 79515 hooks anything up to a size 6/0 or a 4/O to 6/O O'Shaughnessy 3406 hook. Use a 50lb to 60lb shock leader and a 50lb to 75lb mono hook length depending on how rocky the ground is, and an equally strong size 6 swivel. You may also wish to use a bait clip for more control whilst casting.

For wreck or reef fishing, the running ledger rig would be better but with the lead on a rotten bottom setup and running free on the main line via a swivel or boom. Use up to a size 10/O O'Shaughnessy hook with strong size 4/O swivel adjoining a strong trace such as a 50lb wire trace or 200lb to 250lb mono trace in order to withstand the beating which the line will take around rock.

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DAB have quite a varied diet. Shrimps, Worms, Shellfish such as Crab, remaining fish scraps, and occasionally live fish such as Sandeels.
Artificial bait - use a baited attractor spoon rig with plenty of colourful beads and a watch lead to create extra movement and interest as Dab, like most flatfish, are inquisitive and respond well to this effect.

Fresh bait rig - You can use the baited spoon rig as described above in a three hook paternoster formation reducing this to two hooks for distance casting. Using 20lb line as the main rig body and 15lb mono hook lengths ending in small Mustad Aberdeen 3261BLN hooks, no bigger than size 1/O and preferably smaller. The heavier Kamasan B940 for boat fishing would serve you well on Amnesia 20lb hook length with just enough lead to keep your bait on the seabed. A bait clip will help you to cast that extra distance and keep your bait intact and the use of a boom between hook lengths should reduce tangles.

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FLOUNDER are particularly fond of Crab or Mussels although the younger fish will take Lugworms and Ragworms, Cockles and Shrimps. You could also try Sandeels and definitely have a go with Razorfish in the winter months.
Artificial bait - use a baited attractor spoon rig with a watch lead. This will have the effect of stirring up the sand as it drifts and will work effectively in catching their attention. Use the added attraction of beads for colour and charm.

Fresh bait rig - the spoon rig setup as described above should work effectively here with a fresh bait on the hook and try rigging two of these spoon setups in the two hook paternoster formation although the use of a boom would then be advisable to spread the hooks and avoid tangles. Use 12lb mono line as the main body of your rig with 15lb to 20lb mono hook lengths ending in a Mustad Viking 79515 size 2 hook for rigging shellfish or a Kamasan Aberdeen size 2 or Mustad 3261BLN Aberdeen size 2 for worm baits. A Cox and Rawle Crab Hook or the popular wide gape Circle hooks are well suited for crab baits.

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GARFISH, try thinly cut strips of Mackerel, Herring, Pollack, Squid or Pout or meat from the butchers with plenty of good blood content. Small prey such as Sprats and Sandeels
Artificial bait - spoon Spinners are a great lure for Garfish such as Mepps or Rublex Ondex. If high winds hinder casting choose the heavier weights such as a Dexter Wedge or Abu Toby. Silver is the best colour although red with flashes of silver should also be effective. You could also try brightly coloured feathers often used for Mackerel.

Fresh bait rig - try a slim float rig with fresh bait targeting the middle level. Place just enough drilled bullet lead beneath the float to keep it low in the water with just the coloured tip showing and allow the baited hook to fall slowly in the water. Garfish are usually small specimens and so a 4lb mono main line with a Mustad Aberdeen 3261 BLN size 6 or 4 hook should be sufficient. You could scatter some groundbait too to get them feeding.

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HADDOCK, the larger fish eat Mackerel and Herring, Lugworm, Mussels, Crabs and the occasional Sandeel.
Artificial bait - will go for feathers, jellyworms, pirks, spoons, Redgill eels and shads. Your bait should be presented only a few feet off the seabed.

Fresh bait rig - a mid sized rig such as those designed for Cod fishing should work well for you. You'll need a rotten bottom link to the lead as Haddock will be found over rough ground and a pennel setup will allow you to fish a larger bait and cover all angles from which they may bite it. If you are uptiding from the boat you will need to use the boat casting rig with a 6oz to 8oz fixed wire grip lead. For the rig use 50lb mono to 60lb mono line with a 35lb mono hook length. Hook size depends on the size of bait you are fishing and the size of Haddock you are after but a Mustad Aberdeen 3261BLN would serve you well in most situations or from the boat try a Mustad Viking 79515 sizes 4/O to 6/O
together with a Mustad Viking 79510 Pennel hook in the pennel rig formation with a 40lb mono hook length.

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HERRING eat mainly Crustaceans, Shrimps and small fish such as Sandeels.
Artificial bait - Herring respond very similarly to Mackerel when it comes to artificial lures. Brightly coloured Feathers such as red, pink or white or small spinnerbaits such as an Abu Toby , Mepps or Rublex Ondex in silver and softbodied shads such as the Storm Wildeye Casting Shad.

Fresh bait rig -
as with Mackerel a fresh bait rig barely exists for Herring as they are so easily caught on artificial baits that there's not much point in trying anything else but if you would prefer to find them this way then try a slim float rig with 5lb mono line and a Mustad Aberdeen 3261BLN hook in a small size and then baited with a single Sandeel.

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LING eat mainly other fish such as Codling, Whiting, Pollack, Coalfish, Mackerel, Herring and smaller Ling
Artificial bait - for this species try pirks and for an even better effect bait the hooks with a whole Mackerel to really attract the fish.

Fresh bait rig - the rig to be used for Ling is the same as for Conger. A pulley rig inshore and from the boat a two hook with sliding lead. A rotten bottom link to the lead is a must over the rough terrain. Use a tough setup with
75lb mono and a 50lb mono hook length ending in a Mustad Viking 79515 size 3/O to 4/O hook. For wreck or reef fishing, use 75lb mono with a 150lb mono hook length for really big Ling so as to withstand their teeth. Alternatively you could use a wire trace and strong Mustad O’Shaughnessy size 6/O to 10/O hook depending on the size of your bait.

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MACKEREL is a predatory fish which eat Fish eggs, Crustaceans, Sandeels, Sprats and other Small fish even their own species.
Artificial bait - Mackerel respond well to brightly coloured Feathers such as red, pink or white but it depends on what will provide the biggest contrast in the water on the day. Small spinnerbaits such as an Abu Toby or Mepps in silver will always take Mackerel when it passes through the shoal. The softbodied Storm Wildeye Casting Shad is also frequently successful.

Fresh bait rig - a fresh bait rig for Mackerel barely exists as Mackerel are so easily caught on artificial baits that there's not much point in trying anything else but if you would prefer to find them this way then try a slim float rig with 5lb mono line and a
Mustad Aberdeen 3261BLN hook in a small size and baited with a Sandeel.

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MULLET (thick lipped) is the most common variety which anglers fish for and they tend to feed on the plant life and plankton which lives on the bottom in shallower waters. They also like to feed on Insect larvae (try Maggots), Worms, Snails and other Crustaceans. You could try Ragworm, Mussels, Bread, Bacon rind and Groundbait is almost a must either in a slow release feeder or just scattered to get the fish feeding.
Artificial bait - Use artificial bait mainly for the Thin Lipped Mullet variety as they prefer a moving bait and an attractor spoon added to your rig or small Mepps spinner may bring you more success.

Fresh bait rig - use a single small but strong
Mustad Aberdeen 3261BLN hook size 4 or smaller fished on the bottom or at a mid level using a slim float rig with a comfortable amount of drilled bullet lead rigged just beneath the float. Beneath the lead attach a swivel and then from this attach your hook length of 5lb clear line such as Berkeley Vanish as this fish is naturally wary of any disturbances and visible line will scare them off. Best to use groundbait to get them feeding and then introduce your bait slowly so that it falls gently to the bottom.

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PLAICE like Shellfish particularly Razorfish, Crabs and Sand Clams but will also eat Sandeels, Mackerel, Herring, Lugworm, Ragworm, Shrimp and Squid.
Artificial bait - at the right spot you should get a result with the usual flattie setup incorporating an attractor spoon leading to a baited hook with beads for added attraction and a watch lead to stir up the sand as it drifts.

Fresh bait rig - when fishing for this species it is very similar to fishing for Flounder as they are equally inquisitive creatures and react well to the flash of the spoon on a spoon rig with a trailing watch lead stirring up the sand to also grab their attention. Use a Mustad Aberdeen 3261BLN or Eagle Claw Circle Flatty Hook
keeping the hook size down to a size 1 to 2/0 although from the boat you could increase the size slightly. Try a 50lb mono main line with the hook length being roughly 10lb to 15lb clear mono. If you want to fish more than one hook on a paternoster formation try a boom to keep the baits apart and reduce tangles.

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POLLACK (known as Callig in the Isle of Man), Sandeels are great bait for Pollack, with the larger Pollack also taking small Whiting, Cod, Pollack, Coalfish, Rockling, Mackerel and King Ragworm.

Artificial bait - try a fluttering bait effect on a long trace using Redgill eels or jellyworms such as the Rippletail Wiggler jellyworm especially red for clear water and plain white in murkier waters. Pirks, Muppets or Feathers also work well especially baited feathers and softbodied Shad lures such as the Storm Wildeye Casting Shad or deep diving plugs such as the Rapala Deep Down Husky. From the shore you can try spinning with a 1oz silver Abu Toby, Dexter Wedge or Mepps lure.

Fresh bait rig - start with a 40lb mono main line for your rig with a single hook length of 25lb Amnesia Clear or maybe even braid
to increase the feel for a bite in deep water. Then attach a Mustad Aberdeen 3261BLN size 3/O to 6/O together with a Mustad Viking 79510 Pennel hook in the pennel rig formation and bait this setup with a strip of mackerel or 5/6 ragworm. It may also be a good idea to use some coloured beads above the hook for added visual attraction. At the other end of the hook length tie the appropriate strength swivel
. Now taking your main line, thread a French boom or zip slider on to the line, then a few beads and then attach the end of the line to your hook length swivel. Finally attach your lead to the boom with a rotten bottom link. This is called the flying collar rig and is the standard Pollack fishing setup.

From the shore, although spinning is probably the most popular method here, you could try float fishing. Use just enough drillet bullet lead beneath the float so that just the coloured tip is showing above the water. Use a lighter line than for boat fishing such as 8lb to 12lb clear mono line with a mid sized
Mustad Aberdeen 3261BLN hook baited with a Sandeel or small ragworm.


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TOPE eat mainly slow swimming small fish such as Codling, Pouting, Whiting and Dabs. Will also occasionally eat Sandeel, Squid and Shellfish such as small Crabs and Lobster. Strips of Mackerel and Herring work well as bait.
Artificial bait - not the best bait for Tope fishing although if any, I'd try a pirk but probably best to stick to fresh bait and strong tackle!

Fresh bait rig - Best to go for a running ledger rig with bomb shaped lead and you'll need a strong tackle setup using a 60lb to 80lb mono line ending in a size 6/O swivel followed by a 50lb wire trace to withstand the teeth attempting to bite through the line. Then attach a strong hook such as a Mustad Viking 79515 size 6/O hook or Mustad O'Shaughnessy size 6/O to 8/O bronze hook. Cox and Rawle Uptides in size 4/O and 6/O are also good strong hooks for this purpose.

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WHITING are a member of the Cod family although their diet does not involve hoovering up the sea to the same extent as Cod but Black lug, Mackerel, Herring, Sandeel, Sprat, Mussels, Shrimps or Squid work well.
Artificial bait - try baited mackerel feathers to imitate a shoal effect.

Fresh bait rig -
a three hook paternoster rig with a boom between hook lengths to avoid tangles. Good hooks to use for Whiting are the Mustad Viking or Aberdeen hooks in sizes 1 upto 2/O or a similar size in the Cox and Rawle Uptide hook. Although Whiting are usually found over sand or soft mud and so a tough trace and rotten bottom link to the lead is not necessary to withstand sharp rocks and snags, Whiting do have sharp teeth and so the hook length will still need to be of 20lb to 25lb mono to withstand bites as the fish attempt to free themselves. Use 12lb to 20lb mono as the main line and a bait clip would be wise here to help you cast that extra distance by keeping your rig streamlined.

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WRASSE, (Ballan, Cuckoo) eat mainly Shellfish especially rock dwelling Shellfish but also Mussels, Crab and may also eat Sandeels, Ragworm, Lugworm and small fish. However, any bait could work with Wrasse as they are keen feeders and find most baits attractive.

Artificial bait - not often successful with Wrasse, they prefer fresh bait but if you want to give it a go the Wrasse which are mostly like to take it are the larger specimens. Try a Jellyworm or Redgill eel.

Fresh bait rig - as Wrasse are quite strong and powerful fish with sharp teeth, go for a Mustad Viking 79515 size 2/O to 4/O hook. Use strong tackle as they live amongst rough ground and weeds. A ledger rig works well here using a
25lb mono line with the lead attached to the end on a rotten bottom setup and a length of 15lb mono leading to a hook attached from the main line at a position approximately 2 feet above the lead. You can use the same setup in deeper water but increase the main line to 50lb mono with a 30lb mono hook length.

You could also try a small cigar float rig from the shore with drilled bullet lead beneath it being just heavy enough to hold the float so far under the water that just the coloured tip is visible. The main line should come to a halt just beneath the lead where you can attach a size 6 swivel and from this your 20lb mono hook length. Finally end this setup in a strong hook such as a Mustad Viking 79515 in sizes 1/O to 4/O but ultimately matching your bait size.

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